BECOME CLOSER WITH EXPOSITION TEXT

What is an exposition?

An exposition argues for or against a certain point of view based on a certain topic. An exposition is a well-structured argument or persuasion. The point of view must be supported by facts and relevant information on that topic.

An exposition needs to:

• clearly state the point of view
• use research to support that view
• address other points of view 
• defend that point of view from others. 

Examples of an exposition 

Expositions can be used to persuade other people to share your point of view. They can also be used to share your point of view on a certain topic that may have two (or more) distinct sides.

Some places that you might find expositions include:

• newspaper 
• editorials
• letters to the editor
• political speeches 
• advertisements 
• debates 

Structure of an exposition

Expositions can be either written or spoken. Often, an exposition is first written down before being presented orally.

An exposition should have a title or heading. This will introduce the topic of the text and may even show the writer's point of view on the topic.

The first paragraph is the introduction. This is where the writer states the topic that is addressed in the text. The introduction is important because this is where the writer establishes the point of view of the exposition.

The following body paragraphs are used to make different points, called claims, about the topic. Each paragraph addresses one part of the exposition topic. Each paragraph will make a point, give the reason for that point and then provide evidence for that point.

The conclusion is used to re-state the writer's point of view on a certain topic. This is where the writer sums up the ideas discussed in the text. A conclusion can also address and respond to another point of view on the topic.

To help support the point of view, visual elements can be used. These elements include charts, photographs, drawings or graphs. Visual elements often help the audience to better understand the topic.

Many expositions use evidence from other sources. If you do any research or use any facts, figures or quotes in your exposition it is important to list all these resources in the bibliography.

Preparing your own exposition

Before writing an exposition you must first establish a topic and a point of view on that topic. It is then important to research that topic and find evidence and facts to help support your point of view.

The structure of an exposition is important. Each body paragraph should have the following:

• A main point (also called a claim) 
• Your reason for that point 
• Evidence to support that point 

Make sure that your writing is easy to understand and that it is relevant to the topic through the entire exposition.

Always check your text for correct spelling, grammar and punctuation.

10 Ideas for Writers by Margaret Atwood

Margaret Atwood is a Canadian writer, recognized widely for her award-winning book, The Handmaid's Tale. While she is mostly known as a novelist, Atwood has also published many volumes of poetry, a great deal of which is inspired by myths and fairytales. 

She offers inspiring writers some practical (and perhaps not-so-practical) tips: 

1. Take a pencil to write with on aeroplanes. Pens leak. But if the pencil breaks, you can't sharpen it on the plane, because you can't take knives with you. Therefore: take two pencils. 
2. If both pencils break, you can do a rough sharpening job with a nail file of the metal or glass type. 
3. Take something to write on. Paper is good. In a pinch, pieces of wood or your arm will do. 
4. If you're using a computer, always safeguard new text with a memory stick. 
5. Do back exercises. Pain is distracting. 
6. Hold the reader's attention. (This is likely to work better if you can hold your own.) But you don't know who the reader is, so it's like shooting fish with a slingshot in the dark. What fascinates A will bore the pants off B. 
7. You most likely need a thesaurus, a rudimentary grammar book, and a grip on reality. This latter means: there's no free lunch. Writing is work. It's also gambling. You don't get a pension plan. Other people can help you a bit, but ­essentially you're on your own. Nobody is making you do this: you chose it, so don't whine. 
8. You can never read your own book with the innocent anticipation that comes with that first delicious page of a new book, because you wrote the thing. You've been backstage. You've seen how the rabbits were smuggled into the hat. Therefore ask a reading friend or two to look at it before you give it to anyone in the publishing business. This friend should not be someone with whom you have a ­romantic relationship, unless you want to break up. 
9. Don't sit down in the middle of the woods. If you're lost in the plot or blocked, retrace your steps to where you went wrong. Then take the other road. And/or change the person. Change the tense. Change the opening page. 
10. Prayer might work. Or reading something else. Or a constant visualization of the holy grail that is the finished, published version of your resplendent book.

Taken from :
http://www.writingclasses.com/InformationPages/index.php/PageID/915

HOW TO WRITE GOOD PARAGRAPHS

A good paragraph is a mini-essay. It should demonstrate three components: 

1. Introduction, i.e., a topic sentence
2. Body, i.e., supporting details 
3. Conclusion or a transitional sentence to the paragraph that follows. 

A good paragraph is characterized by unity, coherence, and adequate development. 

Unity: 

State the main idea of the paragraph in a clearly constructed topic sentence. Make sure each sentence is related to the central thought. 

Coherence:

Arrange ideas in a clear, logical order. Provide appropriate transitions to the subsequent paragraph. 

Adequate development: 

Develop your paragraphs with specific details and examples. 

Strategies for adequate development:

Elaborate:

Spell out the details by defining, or by clarifying and adding relevant, pertinent information.

Illustrate: 

Paint a verbal picture that helps make or clarify your point(s). Well illustrated pieces are easier to read and follow than those on a high level of abstraction. 

Argue: 

Give the reasons, justifications, and rationales for the position or view you have taken in the topic sentence. Draw inferences for the reader and explain the significance of assertions or claims being made. 

Narrate: 

Relate the historical development of the phenomenon at issue. 

Process: 

Describe how something works. Describe: Observe without preconceived categories. 

Classify: 

Organize phenomena or ideas into larger categories that share common characteristics. 

Analyze: 

Divide phenomena or ideas into elements. 

Compare and Contrast: 

Show similarities and differences between two or more phenomena or ideas. 

Relate:

Show correlations and causes (beware of logical fallacies, however!)

A paragraph should be neither too short nor too long. A good paragraph in a Trinity exercise should be 5-6 sentences long. As a general rule, avoid single-sentence paragraphs. If your paragraphs run longer than a page, you are probably straining the grader’s thought span. Look for a logical place to make a break or reorganize the material. Indent each new paragraph five spaces.

How to Write Good Paragraphs

A good paragraph is a mini-essay. It should demonstrate three components:

1. Introduction, i.e., a topic sentence
2. Body, i.e., supporting details
3. Conclusion or a transitional sentence to the paragraph that follows.

A good paragraph is characterized by unity, coherence, and adequate development.

Unity:
State the main idea of the paragraph in a clearly constructed topic sentence. Make sure each sentence is related to the central thought.

Coherence:
Arrange ideas in a clear, logical order. Provide appropriate transitions to the subsequent paragraph.

Adequate development:
Develop your paragraphs with specific details and examples.

Strategies for adequate development:

Elaborate:
Spell out the details by defining, or by clarifying and adding relevant, pertinent information.

Illustrate:
Paint a verbal picture that helps make or clarify your point(s). Well illustrated pieces are easier to read and follow than those on a high level of abstraction.

Argue:
Give the reasons, justifications, and rationales for the position or view you have taken in the topic sentence. Draw inferences for the reader and explain the significance of assertions or claims being made.

Narrate:
Relate the historical development of the phenomenon at issue.

Process:
Describe how something works.

Describe:
Observe without preconceived categories.

Classify:
Organize phenomena or ideas into larger categories that share common characteristics.

Analyze:
Divide phenomena or ideas into elements.

Compare and Contrast:
Show similarities and differences between two or more phenomena or ideas.

Relate:
Show correlations and causes (beware of logical fallacies, however!)

A paragraph should be neither too short nor too long. A good paragraph in a Trinity exercise should be 5-6 sentences long. As a general rule, avoid single-sentence paragraphs. If your paragraphs run longer than a page, you are probably straining the grader’s thought span. Look for a logical place to make a break or reorganize the material. Indent each new paragraph five spaces.

Taken from:
http://www.trinitysem.edu/Student/LessonInstruction/Paragraph.html

5 Ways to Write a Damn Good Sentence

Average copywriters write average sentences. You, I’m guessing, don’t want to be average.

You want to be great. You believe you can be remarkable. That means you need to write damn good sentences … without even thinking about it … day in and day out. 

Do that and you’ll become an unstoppable writing machine. You’ll become a killer copywriter. See, everything you write … every blog post, every landing page, every email, short story, or Google+ post … begins and ends with a sentence. 

Bone up on your sentence-writing skills and those pieces of content will only get better and be more widely shared. 

Want to learn how? Follow me … 

More than mastering freshman English 

“The skill it takes to produce a sentence,” Stanley Fish said, “the skill of lining events, actions, and objects in a strict logic — is also the skill of creating a world.” In other words, sentences are the engines of creativity.

Take this sentence for instance: “Moses fed his muffuletta to the woolly mammoth.” 

There is a mountain of meaning buried in those eight words. Sure, change the sequence and you change the meaning, but as long as you don’t screw with that framework, people will stay with you (unlike the misguided James Joyce). 

But as a copywriter it’s not just about mastering freshman English. There’s more to it. Eugene Schwartz has the answer: 

No sentence can be effective if it contains facts alone. It must also contain emotion, image, logic, and promise.

Here’s a great example: Baby shoes: for sale, never worn.” 

That’s Ernest Hemingway, and that little six-word story is possibly his best (his own estimation, not mine). Why? It’s a story selling a pair of shoes … shoes with an intense emotional connotation.

See, your sentences don’t have to say much. They just have to say the right things. Our imaginations will fill in the blanks. 

So, when you are trying to get people to respond to your requests, subscribe to your email newsletter, or donate to your cause … you need to write seductive sentences, and you need to do it naturally.

Here’s how it’s done. 

1. Insert facts 

This is nothing more than basic subject and verb agreement: “Moses ate a muffaletta.” Logical and consistent. The building blocks of a story. You insert facts by thinking through the 5 Ws: Who, What, When, Where, Why. Think specific and concrete, but how you say it matters, too. Compare “On the first day of winter Moses fed his muffuletta to the woolly mammoth” to “On the last day of winter Moses fed his muffuletta to the woolly mammoth.” The significance is heightened in the first sentence, minimized in the second. All by one word. And notice how your sympathies change when I write, “On the first day of winter, Moses fed his muffuletta to the three-day old woolly mammoth.” Those new facts heighten the emotional appeal of that simple story. It’s the same sort of feeling you get when you read “Baby shoes: for sale, never used.”

2. Create images

It’s not a coincidence that the root of “imagination” is “image.” Imagination is the capacity for people to see the world you are trying to paint. Intelligent people like to use their imagination. Don’t insult their intelligence by over-explaining, but also don’t abuse their intelligence by starving it. Use active verbs and concrete nouns and you will naturally create images. “The buzzard bled.” Introduce one, two, or all of the five senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, and sound), and you’ll enhance those images: “The screaming buzzard bled.” Use phrases like “imagine this” or “picture this” to signal to your reader you are about to paint a picture. That’s how I opened up the 10 Productivity Tips from a Blue-Collar Genius: 

Imagine a fifty-something man in a blue long-sleeve shirt, the cuffs unbuttoned, his knuckles thick and coarse. He’s on the side of the road, quibbling over a stack of used cinder blocks with a merchant.

In those two sentences you learn the color of the shirt, the state of the cuffs, the condition of his knuckles. I tell you where he is and what he is doing in concrete language. I use very precise language to tell you what he was doing: he wasn’t talking, he was “quibbling.” Something entirely different than chatting. 

3. Evoke emotion 

You can naturally get mood into your sentences if you follow the two steps above, but as a copywriter you don’t want emotion to be an afterthought. You must carefully plan and manufacture emotion. This starts by asking: what is the dominant mood of your reader or customer? What problem is he or she trying to solve? Is it fear over losing a job? A spouse? A scholarship? Pride of donating to a good cause? Joy for finally getting muscular definition in his calves? You must know what keeps your ideal customer up at night. What makes him get up early? What are his hopes, dreams, and fears? And then you must insert that emotion into your sentences. In a post introducing the benefits of our Authority membership site, I wrote: 

How often are these little tragedies repeated in your life? 

• You write something clever, but everyone ignores it.
• You hear about a new opportunity, but don’t pursue it because you don’t have the skills or confidence to attempt it.
• You get overlooked by everybody – including your boss – because the guy in the next cubicle seems to know everything about SEO, email marketing, or copywriting.
• You hear about all the new clients your peers are picking up … but none are showing up at your door. 

I identified the relevant pain and agitated it so the solution was a no-brainer. In other words, if you can identify with those conditions, then the solution is probably a good thing for you. But notice those four conditions are all about rejection. Yet I didn’t use the word “reject,” or a derivative, once. I didn’t tell you the emotion you should feel. I simply showed it to you. Big difference in the quality of writing. 

4. Make Promises

But as a copywriter you aren’t merely interested in heightening people’s emotions for the sake of heightening emotions, otherwise you’d be a novelist or screenwriter. Entertainment is not a copywriter’s bread and butter. Getting action is.

So, you need people to see hope in your sentences: 

• What promises are you making to the reader in this sentence? 
• What advantages will the reader gain?
• What pain will they avoid if they obey you? 

 In the opening to The Dirty Little Secret to Seducing Readers I wrote: 

I’m guessing you want to write copy that sells. You want to write copy so irresistible it makes your readers scramble down the page — begging to do whatever it is you want when they’re done reading — whether it’s to make a purchase, send a donation, or join your newsletter.

The promise is that you can learn how to write in such a way people can’t resist your words. And that’s compelling for the right people. 

5. Practice, practice, practice 

Writing great sentences takes work.

At first it may feel mechanical, wooden. That’s okay. The goal is to get to a point where you unconsciously blend these elements so they feel natural in the sentence and can’t be pulled apart.

Sort of like when a golf instructor stops your swing to adjust your mechanics. That may feel mechanical and unnatural, but eventually your swing becomes natural and he stops interrupting you. 

Here are some exercises to help you improve your sentence writing: 

• Copy great sentences: Hand-write 100 great first sentences. Memorize portions of great sales letters. Dissect killer lines. 
• Opening and closing paragraphs: It’s arduous to consciously think about each and every sentence you write in a 500-hundred word article. However, you can pour energy into every sentence inside the opening and closing paragraphs. 
• Headlines: Your headlines won’t be complete sentences, but they offer you an opportunity to focus closely on what you are writing. 
• Subject lines: Unlike headlines you can use your subject line in an unconventional way. Write complete, robust sentences. “Thought of you while I was at the steam bath.” Who’s not going to open that email up? Measure responses, adjust, and test more ideas. 
• Tweets: Twitter is the perfect mechanism for perfecting your sentences. You are forced to say a lot in 140 characters. And you get feedback. People either respond — or they don’t. Check for retweets, favorites, and replies. And if you don’t get a response, try sharing it again. 

Your turn … 
Each sentence in a 500-word landing page may not be great, but the more you pay attention to the fundamentals above and practice the techniques, the closer you are going to get with each draft. Don’t give up. Keep plugging away.

How To Write a Good Sentence


““In America only the successful writer is important, in France all writers are important, in England no writer is important, and in Australia you have to explain what a writer is.”” - Geoffrey Cotterell, New York Journal-AmericanIf you want to be your best in business, you must be a good writer. By good, I don’t mean crafty or artful, but clear and persuasive. For our purposes, writing is a means to an end. The end is (1) the clear expression of an important idea or (2) persuasion. To do either well, you don’t need to have the literary sensitivity of a Cormack McCarthy, but you do need to do certain things, some of which I’ll talk about today.

Some of the following suggestions comes from Bruce Ross-Larson, founder of the American Writing Institute (not to be confused with the American Writers & Artists Institute) and author of Edit Yourself, a book I’ve recommended in the past. 

Writing Good Sentences

The Two Biggest Secrets Before you can write a persuasive memo or an effective sales letter, you must be capable of writing a good sentence. The first Golden Rule of sentence writing is to express one, and only one, idea in each sentence. (Ross-Larson allows for “two closely related ideas” in one sentence.) 

The second Golden Rule of sentence writing – and this one’s from me – is to make sure the idea you are expressing is a good one.

The mistakes made by not following these two rules are extremely common. They are responsible – I’ll bet – for 60% to 80% of bad writing. Not only are they proliferate, they are deadly. Break either of the Golden Rules of Sentence Writing and you are in trouble. Break both at once and you will make your reader wonder how smart you really are. 

Ross-Larson Identifies 5 Types of Sentences: 

1. Direct

The simplest and thus the clearest, the direct sentence has one main clause and is the starting point for countless variants. Example: Smart eateries are putting peculiar mushrooms on the menu. 

2. Embellished 

The first common variant to the direct sentence is to attach a phrase – at the beginning, middle, or end. Example: By all means, Alabama has made itself more like the rest of America. 

3. Complicated 

The second common variant to the direct sentence is to add a comment or definition by means of a “which” clause. Example: The book also suffers more than usual from Elshtain’s prose style, which is earnest at best and plodding at worst. 

4. Conditioned 

You can condition the main clause with another clause beginning with “when”, “if”, “because”, “since”, “as” and so on. Example: When Mr. Clinton toasts Mr.Jiang at the White House next week, there will be no shortage of critics to accuse him of supping with the devil. 

5. Multiplied 

Another variant is to combine the above structures and multiply their parts. Example: The number of men who consider working women to be worse mothers has dropped precipitously since 1970, but the number of women who think so has dropped far less sharply. 

Five techniques to Improve Your Sentences: 

1. Make your sentences short.

 Ross-Larson recommends that sentences not exceed 22 words (about two lines of print).

2. Vary length. 

Every third or fourth sentence should be short. It is acceptable nowadays to shorten sentences by using sentence fragments – partial sentences. Example: All the crusading doesn’t reassure the public. Just the opposite. Occasionally, it’s good to use extra-short and/or fragments to begin or end paragraphs. And you can string two or three short sentences together to create cadence. Example: Literature is invention. Fiction is faction. To carry a story line a true story is an insult to both art and truth. 

3. To give your sentences a quick stop-and-go, use the interruptive dash. 

Example: New York is a city ripe with extremes – of wealth and poverty, of creative energy and rage. 

4. Employ the imperative to grab attention. 

 Example: Trek to the tops of mountains, the sources of rivers, and the earth’s icebound poles.

5. Address your readers directly to make your message personal and compelling. 

Example: As a parent, you want to do everything possible to keep your children from experimenting with drugs. 

Taken from:
http://www.earlytorise.com/how-to-write-good-sentences-and-why-you-should/#

Kinds of Writing

You can download the file here

What is writing?

Writing is a method of representing language in visual or tactile form. Writing systems use sets of symbols to represent the sounds of speech, and may also have symbols for such things as punctuation and numerals.

Definitions of writing systems

Here are a number of ways to define writing systems:

a system of more or less permanent marks used to represent an utterance in such a way that it can be recovered more or less exactly without the intervention of the utterer.
From The World's Writing Systems

a set of visible or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way, with the purpose of recording messages which can be retrieved by everyone who knows the language in question and the rules by virtue of which its units are encoded in the writing system.
From the The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writings Systems

All writing systems use visible signs with the exception of the raised notation systems used by blind and visually impaired people, such as Braille and Moon. Hence the need to include tactile signs in the above definition.

In A History of Writing, Steven Roger Fischer argues that no one definition of writing can cover all the writing systems that exist and have ever existed. Instead he states that a 'complete writing' system should fullfill all the following criteria:

• it must have as its purpose communication;
• it must consist of artificial graphic marks on a durable or electronic surface;
• it must use marks that relate conventionally to articulate speech (the systematic arrangement of significant vocal sounds) or electronic programing in such a way that communication is achieved.

Writing systems are both functional, providing a visual way to represent language, and also symbolic, in that they represent cultures and peoples. In The writing systems of the world, Florian Coulmas describes them as follows:

As the most visible items of a language, scripts and orthographies are 'emotionally loaded', indicating as they do group loyalties and identities. Rather than being mere instruments of a practical nature, they are symbolic systems of great social significance which may, moreover, have profound effect on the social structure of a speech community.

Taken from: http://www.omniglot.com/writing/definition.htm 

HOW TO START WRITING 

Whether it’s for a school assignment or for a novel manuscript, everybody writes. For many people, however, writing often becomes a chore: time-consuming, demanding, and unsatisfactory. The problem is that most people don’t stop to think how to write. Just as there are steps to solving an algebraic equation, there are several steps that can be followed to produce a more satisfactory essay or story, some more obvious than others.

Perhaps the trickiest part of writing is figuring out how to begin. The first steps to writing – getting a concept, planning out a piece, and working out a draft – aren’t usually the most fun steps, but they are all often overlooked. Here are a few tips for starting your work quickly and without much hassle. 

First, decide what you actually want to write. Getting down the bare minimums for your piece will help you construct a bare draft for whatever it is you’re planning to end with. Either jot it off on a sticky note and put it next to your notebook, or write it on the top of your Word document. 

How long is whatever you’re trying to write? What are you writing about? Are there any other requirements you have to worry about? While you might know exactly what you need before you start to write, putting it down is a good way to focus your mind on exactly what you need to accomplish. 

Make sure you’re interested in what you’re writing. If you aren’t fascinated with the subject you’re writing about, it will almost certainly show in your writing. If you don’t have a choice as to what to write about, try to find some element in your subject that interests you, and focus on it. If you’re just writing to finish whatever it is you’re supposed to write, getting yourself to write it will take much longer than if you take just a little time to get yourself interested. 

Outline the basics of what you’re trying to get done. The most monotonous example of this, of course, is the five-paragraph essay most high schoolers are forced to learn about. While an overly-forced rubric can lead to an unoriginal paper, some structure can only help with your quickly jotting out a draft, which is the most important part of writing. If you have five pages to fill on a paper, decide how long you will write about each different point you have to make. Outlining also helps with creative writing: even though creativity can’t be forced, it helps immensely to have a general idea of what’s going on in your story. Just look at Harry Potter, which concluded last month: the final book had strong ties with the six before it, even though it was written a full decade after the original book. Without some sense of direction, J. K. Rowling would never have been able to create such a powerful conclusion. 

Stop everything else and concentrate on writing. The draft of any piece is almost always the hardest thing to write, since you have nothing to base your writing on. While you’re writing your draft, try to concentrate on it as much as possible. Turn off your instant messenger, if you have one on. Don’t take a break to check your email. Any interruption might destroy your focus on your piece, and it is far harder to return to writing a draft than it is to write it all in one go. 

If your piece is a long one, this might not be entirely possible. Still, try to set aside at least an hour at a time when you’re trying to write, so you can get into the flow of your writing. Lower your standards. Writer’s block really originates from high standards: often, you will sit down to write but not like what you’re producing. The trick of eliminating this? Stop worrying so much over whether or not every little bit you write is a good as it can be. 

Either way, you are probably going to have to return to your draft several times an revise it: don’t attempt to revise every line as you write it. If you have a section you think is of a particularly low quality, make a note of it, but keep writing. Revision is when you’ll go back and fix all the errors you’ve written. The draft is just your chance to write quickly and get the foundations of your piece over with. 

Take your time before revising. You won’t be able to assess your piece immediately after you’ve written it: give yourself time before looking over your work. Read a book, talk to friends, perhaps exercise… just make sure that when you go back to read over your draft, you’re in a different mindset than you were when you were first writing. If you spend too much time looking at your work, you won’t be able to revise objectively. There’s no rush to finishing your work after you’ve begun: just take your time and you’ll be far more able to produce a quality piece of work. 

Taken from: http://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/six-ways-to-start-the-writing-process.html

THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITING SKILL

When we talk about writing, we often wondering why writing is really important among the others skill. here is the link if you want to know why does writing is really important. check this following link!!!

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/why-are-writing-skills-important.html